How the Government Obscures Its Spending

The Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) has released a new explanatory video based on Adept Economics Director Gene Tunny’s paper, Gorillas in the Mist: How Government Obscures Its Spending. The video distils the paper’s central findings on how Australian governments increasingly rely on off-budget mechanisms to undertake large amounts of spending that do not appear in headline budget figures.

Gene’s research shows that federal, state and territory governments are collectively engaging in around $27 billion in off-budget spending each year. These activities, often classified as “equity investments” or channelled through government business enterprises and special-purpose vehicles, can obscure risks, reduce transparency and weaken fiscal accountability.

Why Off-Budget Spending Matters

As Gene sets out in his paper, off-budget arrangements allow governments to obscure the impacts of projects and programs on public finances and ultimately taxpayers.

Two recent examples highlighted in the CIS work include:

  • The National Broadband Network (NBN): Initially estimated at $43 billion, but now nearing $70 billion. Its classification as an “investment” enabled much of the cost to be excluded from the official budget. 
  • Snowy 2.0: A project that began with a $2 billion price tag and has since escalated to around $12 billion. Off-budget structuring again limited early transparency into costs and risks.

These cases illustrate how off-budget measures can mask the financial exposure ultimately borne by taxpayers.

Strengthening Transparency

Gene argues that clearer reporting requirements, more rigorous evaluation of major projects and greater disclosure of fiscal risks are essential to improving public accountability. 

Read the Paper

While CIS has produced an accessible video overview, the full depth of the analysis is found in Gene Tunny’s paper, Gorillas in the Mist: How Government Obscures Its Spending. Readers seeking to understand the scale of off-budget activity, the mechanisms involved and the reforms needed for better fiscal transparency are encouraged to read the paper at cis.org.au.

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